REFERENCES AND QUOTES Philosophy 2021 End poverty, again - References and quotes THE EMPATHIC CIVILIZATION: THE RACE TO GLOBAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN A WORLD IN CRISISEntropic bill of rich vs poor. 508 “The bottom line is this: Half of the human race is using up more of the Earths’s fossil-fuel energy and natural resources than is necessary for a comfortable life and is becoming increasingly unhappy with each increment of additional wealth. The other half of the human race is digging its way out of poverty and becoming happier as it approaches a minimal level of comfort. But there isn’t a enough oil and other fossil fuels – or uranium for nuclear power – to keep the wealthy in a luxurious lifestyle or elevate there billion poor people to a comfortable lifestyle” 510 I ENERGY AND ECONOMIC MYTHS stop poverty 377-378 I SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMICS: WHERE DO WE STAND? The massive increase in natural resource consumption and its impossibility, fig 6 287 I THE ENTROPY LAW AND THE ECONOMIC PROCESS IN RETROSPECT Economic growth is not working as a poverty solution because of ecological and functional reason, trickle down fallacy See SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMICS: WHERE DO WE STAND? 287 , https://psmag.com/economics/trickle-down-economics-is-indeed-a-joke 12 I BEYOND GROWTH “This primacy of nature’s value added (low entropy) leads to Georgescu-Roegen’s view that ‘every time we produce a Cadillac we irrevocably destroy and amount of low entropy that could otherwise be used for producing a plow or a spade. In other words, every time we produce a Cadillac, we do it at the cost of decreasing the number of human lives in the future.” Same for intragenerational poverty. “Growth cannot forever substitute for redistribution and population control in fighting poverty.” Cannot have USA as a vision for worldwide generalization. A new development model for the whole world “would emphasize population control, limits to inequality in distribution, and production for suffiency in basic needs.” 196 I PROSPERITY WITHOUT GROWTH “no simple magic formula which translates high income into good health Or low income into bad health. On the other hand, of course, persistent extreme poverty over long periods of time has a devastating effect on health.” 103 I ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS – PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS sustainable scale and just distribution 12 Economic growth only extends the timeframe to solve inequality and poverty. Neoclassical economy just don’t care. 13 Relocating pollution and resource extraction. Overdeveloped note 21 379 Poor, an absolute disadvantage 381 On a finite planet resource use of one diminish the use of other - “Income increase in wealthy countries is fueled by nonrenewable resource consumption (including nonsustainable depletion of potentially renewable resources) which means these resources are not available for future improvements in the well-being of the poorest” Pollution and waste also destroys ecosystem services that would benefit the poor. 382 Food security and globalization. Rich money talks and eats, buys food poor cannot afford. Poor agriculture not as efficient as rich agro-industrial and cannot compete. 386 “Once growth in scale has become uneconomic, it can no longer be appealed to as the solution to poverty.” 479 I ARBETSSAMHÄLLET – HUR ARBETET ÖVERLEVDE TEKNOLOGIN poverty is not a natural consequence of poor harvests, natural disaster or to little work but a consequence of the structures of society and power 86 I MYTEN OM MASKINEN: ESSÄER OM MAKT; MODERNITET OCH MILJÖ Money is a relation, a way to regulate claims. Exchange value is inversely proportional to exergy content means See DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST, Tony Greenham https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2KgrpFRHJI Money and law of entropy crashes. 61 The idea of fair price conceals that unused exergy is traded for used exergy which means unequal trade. Industry dependent on flow of resources, falling resource prices and debt. 62 Inherent limitations in the industrial world order. Economic crises will perhaps make us more sensitive to other economic perspectives 63 Biospheres consists of differences; cells, organisms, societies, ecosystems. See THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER, MEASURING REGENERATIVE ECONOMICS: 10 PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES UNDERGIRDING SYSTEMIC ECONOMIC HEALTH on hierarchies. Hierarchies of values. Exchange values shouldn’t equal a data center in the North with staple foods in the South. Sphere economies. 65 Can ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS – PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS as an ideological platform help the poor? 120 The transition to the use of exosomatic energy made it easier to shift the cost to the poor 122 Triangular trade and how the liberation from endosomatic energy allowed a new form of exploitation of areal resources. More poor people now than ever. 123 Prigogine and dissipative structrures. The costs of industrial metropolis are 1. Acquisition of negative entropy from somewhere else 2. Shift of entropy to somewhere else. “Such a perspective is important because it could help us to explain increasing inequality in technological development and economic growth between different sectors of national and international economies” See THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER on “Success to the successful” 138 Uneven trade is portrayed as fair as it exist an innate moral conception of what is fair. These cultural manipulations functions as a cognitive process to ease the tensions between reality and ideal. See ARBETSSAMHÄLLET – HUR ARBETET ÖVERLEVDE TEKNOLOGIN on relative deprivation 160 Railroad as saving time and space for one social category at the expense of another. 161 Von Thünen, Cuzco and modern transportation of perishable goods. 162 Power to make claims on the resources of other human beings can be based in the oyster shells or money fetishism. 162, 163 Poverty and technological development are two sides of the same coin as time and spatial resources are limited. “Från gudaföda till maskinfetishems förblir de ekonomiska systems landskap möblerade med våra egenhändigt tillverkade synvillor”. 164 Georgescu-Roegen, economic process and the growth of technosphere made possible by a selfreinforcing unequal exchange. See THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER on Success to the successful 173 The technosphere exchange of exergy for entropy is unlike other dissipative structure in the universe in that it is based on a social relation, an uneven price relation. It is the exploitation of someone’s environment/nature, a shift of the consumption of resources 174 World trade statistics, uneven trade and international debt 192 I DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST Where the poor live? Global poverty have now also become a question of national inequality. 138 Piketty and no Kuznets of inequality. Piketty, households of earning and/or owning and capitalism that generates inequality damaging to democratic values. “Why? Because the returns to capital have tended to grow faster than the economy as a whole, leading wealth to become ever more concentrated. That dynamic is then reinforced through political influence -from corporate lobbying to campaign fincancing – that further promotes the interests of the already wealthy.” The Success to the successful trap. Kuznets results was a consequence of the studies being done during a period where World wars had depleted capital and theensuing progressive taxation had equalized through public investment in education, health care and social security. Trickle down doesn’t work just ask IMF. See INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Strategy, Policy, and Review Department Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective, THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER The consequences of inequality: worse life, worse democracy, worse environment, worse economic instability. See THE SPIRIT LEVEL: WHY MORE EQUAL SOCITIES ALMOST ALWAYS DO BETTER, PROSPERITY WITHOUT GROWTH 142 Economy of the future must alter not only income but the distribution of wealth, time and power. Natures network by branching fractals, river delta, branches in a tree, blood vessels, vein In leafs. Balance between systems efficiency and resilience. Nature teaching for economy is diversity and distribution. See The Science of Flow Says Extreme Inequality Causes Economic Collapse https://evonomics.com/science-flow-says-extreme-inequality-causes-economic-collapse/, MEASURING REGENERATIVE ECONOMICS: 10 PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES UNDERGIRDING SYSTEMIC ECONOMIC HEALTH 145 Basic income to the poor, an access to markets 164 Global inequalities. Classic, tax the rich! – global taxes 167 Saving the planet and people (extreme poverty) is a choice 235 I COLONIALISM IN THE ANTROPOCENE: THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF THE MONEY-ENERGY-TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX “Building on Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s insight that economic processes enhancing utility simultaneously increase entropy, I have inferred that exchange values and productive potential must be inversely correlated, and that the accumulation of technological infrastructure therefore signifies the joint operation of thermodynamics and imperialism. The principles of thermodynamics clearly derive from nature, while the strategies of imperialism derive from society. However, mainstream economists are convinced that their accounts of growth and technological progress have no use for thermodynamics. In their worldview, nature is irrelevant for the constitution of society.” 10 “Neoclassical economic theory is an ideology originally developed in colonial Britain to justify and morally neutralize the exploitation of its extractive periphery. In its modern, neoliberal guise, it has championed ‘globalization’ as a modern euphemism for imperialism.” 12 “Monetary value is not an essence but a cultural veil obscuring material asymmetries by representing unequal exchange as reciprocal. Money cannot compensate for entropy.” 14 “Money cannot neutralize ecological damage in a physical sense. Monetary compensation for environmental damage can reduce contemporary grievances, but it is illusory to believe that ‘correct’ reparations could be calculated, or that they would somehow set things straight. The ecological debt of Britain, for instance, is as incalculable as its debt to the descendants of West African slaves. To raise the price of energy and raw materials, as Bunker suggested, would undoubtedly reduce the current magnitude of ecologically unequal trade (and the accumulation of technological infrastructure) in the world, but it would not make trade equal. Like the notion of making ‘correct’ recompense for past asymmetries, pricing resources high enough to neutralize the damage caused by their extraction would be tantamount to shutting down industrial capitalism.” 15 I THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER “In fact, just about any long-term model of a real economy should link together the two structures of population and capital to show how they affect each other. The central question of economic development is how to keep the reinforcing loop of capital accumulation from growing more slowly than the reinforcing loop of population growth—so that people are getting richer instead of poorer.” 50 Success to the successful trap 126 “whenever the winners of a competition receive, as part of the reward, tehe means to compete even more effectively in the future” A reinforcing feedback loop that “rapidly divides a system into winners who go on winning, and losers who go on losing” Luck in monopoly. Trump and other rich in life. “If the winning takes place in a limited environment, such that everything the winner wins is extracted from the losers, the losers are gradually bankrupted, or force out, or starved” Success to the successful is known as the competitive exclusion principle in ecology. 127 Success to the successful and Karl Marx. Reinforcing feedback loop of capital accumulation. Monopoly creation. The trap makes rich richer and poor poorer. Poorer and education, credit ability and land. 128 Feedbacks perpetuate inequitable distruation. Diversify! but will not work for the poor. Put in balancing feedback loops. Level the playing field, periodically! Potlatch 129 “These equalizing mechanisms may derive from simple morality, or they may come from the practical understanding that losers, if they are unable to get out of the game of success to the successful, and if they have no hope of winning, could get frustrated enough to destroy the playing field.” 130 Information holds systems together. Information is power 173 I DANA (DONELLA) MEADOWS LECTURE: SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS Population growth and poverty. 24.53 I GLOBAL PATTERNS OF ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY I AID IN REVERSE HOW POOR COUNTRIES DEVELOP RICH COUNTRIES I A LETTER TO STEVEN PINKER (AND BILL GATES, FOR THAT MATTER) ABOUT GLOBAL POVERTY - JASON HICKEL I IMPERIALIST APPROPRIATION IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: DRAIN FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH THROUGH UNEQUAL EXCHANGE, 1990–2015 - JASON HICKEL, CHRISTIAN DORNINGER, HANSPETER WIELAND, INTAN SUWANDI To encouragement Next encouragement